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Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is one of the major sources of global air pollution. The chemical results from the burning of either sulfur or materials containing sulfur. Adverse health effects of exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide include breathing problems, respiratory illness, and many more. IMO has taken the decision to reduce global sulfur limit from 3.5% m/m to 0.50% m/m by 2020. According to IMO, up to 70,000 ships are estimated to be affected by the regulation.
The recent IMO regulation seeks to control: –
Airborne emissions from ships;
Contribution of ships to local and global air pollution;
Human health issues and environmental problems.
Ships use fuel in the main and auxiliary engines and boilers. Exemptions are provided for situations involving the safety of the ship or saving life at sea, or if a ship or its equipment is damaged. Ships can also meet the requirements by installing exhaust-gas cleaning systems or scrubbers, which “clean” the emissions before they are released into the atmosphere.
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How will this influence the production of sulfur?
Sulfur is recovered during refining operations (RES represents 90% of the sulfur produced, 60% of which is generated from the oil & gas refinery industry), while reducing sulfur concentration in refined products and fuel gases. Low concentration of sulfur in fuel gases is necessary to meet existing emissions standards for process heaters, boilers, and flue gases.
Now, due to the decision taken by the IMO, the demand for low-sulfur oil is likely to increase. This, in turn, means that the amount of sulfur extracted from crude oil is going to increase. Hence, the total output of sulfur will increase globally. Companies, such as BASF, have already started producing low-sulfur fuels that are friendlier to the environment.
A report by Mordor Intelligence, a market research firm, estimates a CAGR of 3.18% for the global sulfur market, estimated to reach a value of 73,261 kilo metric ton by 2022.